tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-67593752484263104292024-03-05T23:49:43.969-08:00S K A Z I N EDedicated to SKA - bak to da beginning !Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6759375248426310429.post-88566497812239921902011-04-25T15:34:00.000-07:002011-12-19T10:36:40.240-08:00Ska for One, Ska for All !<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw60jxAlg1ZQ1Uk3yRPBZqWZyTg7tmt-7_NtQ4Q7JbPl51EW6k5z7KopW6gqIdqKbxq9kWL8e97IBFBXWbahMOHUu1btkTvtwMSSRz4_iFBOYRSnvQLfdDgXZp-XwzfhmEnmgmJoscglM/s1600/skazine+dot+com.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw60jxAlg1ZQ1Uk3yRPBZqWZyTg7tmt-7_NtQ4Q7JbPl51EW6k5z7KopW6gqIdqKbxq9kWL8e97IBFBXWbahMOHUu1btkTvtwMSSRz4_iFBOYRSnvQLfdDgXZp-XwzfhmEnmgmJoscglM/s1600/skazine+dot+com.png" /></a><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"></span></div><h1 id="watch-headline-title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 1.8333em; font-weight: bold; height: 1.1363em; line-height: 1.1363em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-height: 1.1363em; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="long-title" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 0.9166em; letter-spacing: -0.5px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="The Story of Jamaican Music - From Ska to Reggae - Part 1\2">The Story of Jamaican Music - From Ska to Reggae</span></h1><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/tcKXhMgBC-k?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/mWv9sraaCVA?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div><span class="long-title" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 0.9166em; letter-spacing: -0.5px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="The Story of Jamaican Music - From Ska to Reggae - Part 1\2"><br />
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<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">After <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">World War II</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jamaica">Jamaicans</a> purchased radios in increasing numbers and were able to hear <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">rhythm and blues</a> music from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_United_States" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Southern United States</a> cities such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">New Orleans</a> by artists such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Domino" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Fats Domino</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[12]</a></sup> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Jordan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Louis Jordan</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[13]</a></sup></div><table cellpadding="3" class="toccolours" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; float: right; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; width: 20em;"><tbody>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #dfdfef; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Jamaica" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Music of Jamaica</a></th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Kumina</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyabinghi_chants" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Niyabinghi chants">Niyabinghi</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mento" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Mento</a> - <strong class="selflink">Ska</strong> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocksteady" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Rocksteady</a>- <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Reggae</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_system_(Jamaican)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sound system (Jamaican)">Sound systems</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovers_rock" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Lovers rock</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dub_music" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dub music">Dub</a> -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancehall" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Dancehall</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dub_poetry" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Dub poetry</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deejaying" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Deejaying">Toasting</a> -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ragga">Raggamuffin</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roots_reggae" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Roots reggae</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae_fusion" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Reggae fusion</a></small></div></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #dfdfef; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;">Anglophone Caribbean music</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Anguilla" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Anguilla">Anguilla</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_Bahamas" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a> -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Barbados" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Barbados">Barbados</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Bermuda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Bermuda">Bermuda</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_Cayman_Islands" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of the Cayman Islands">Caymans</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Grenada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Grenada">Grenada</a> -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Jamaica" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Jamaica">Jamaica</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Montserrat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Montserrat">Montserrat</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Saint Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_Virgin_Islands" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></small></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #dfdfef; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;">Other Caribbean music</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><small><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Aruba_and_the_Netherlands_Antilles" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles">Aruba and the Dutch Antilles</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Cuba">Cuba</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Dominica" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Dominica">Dominica</a>- <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Haiti">Haiti</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Hawaii#Jawaiian" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Hawaii">Hawaii</a> -<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Martinique_and_Guadeloupe" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Martinique and Guadeloupe">Martinique and Guadeloupe</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Lucia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_immigrant_communities_in_the_United_States#Jamaica" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of immigrant communities in the United States">United States</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean_music_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Caribbean music in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></small></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 352px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skank_on_Em64.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="92" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/37/Skank_on_Em64.png/350px-Skank_on_Em64.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="350" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skank_on_Em64.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Quarter note "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skank_(guitar)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Skank (guitar)">skank</a>" guitar rhythm<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[14]</a></sup><span class="unicode" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skank_on_Em64.mid" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="11" /></a> <a class="internal" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/98/Skank_on_Em64.mid" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Skank on Em64.mid">Play</a> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor: help;">(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Media help"><span style="cursor: help;">help</span></a>·<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skank_on_Em64.mid" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="File:Skank on Em64.mid"><span style="cursor: help;">info</span></a>)</small></span>, named<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onomatopoeia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Onomatopoeia">onomatopoetically</a> for its sound.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 352px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ska-Rock_Steady_on_D_and_Em64.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="85" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/Ska-Rock_Steady_on_D_and_Em64.png/350px-Ska-Rock_Steady_on_D_and_Em64.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="350" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ska-Rock_Steady_on_D_and_Em64.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Eighth note skank rhythm<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[15]</a></sup> <span class="unicode" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ska-Rock_Steady_on_D_and_Em64.mid" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="11" /></a> <a class="internal" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/76/Ska-Rock_Steady_on_D_and_Em64.mid" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ska-Rock Steady on D and Em64.mid">Play</a> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor: help;">(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Media help"><span style="cursor: help;">help</span></a>·<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ska-Rock_Steady_on_D_and_Em64.mid" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="File:Ska-Rock Steady on D and Em64.mid"><span style="cursor: help;">info</span></a>)</small></span>.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The stationing of American military forces during and after the war meant that Jamaicans could listen to military broadcasts of American music, and there was a constant influx of records from the US. To meet the demand for that music, entrepreneurs such as<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Prince Buster</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsone_Dodd" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Coxsone Dodd">Clement "Coxsone" Dodd</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Reid" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Duke Reid</a> formed <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae_sound_system" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Reggae sound system">sound systems</a>. As <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump_blues" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">jump blues</a> and more traditional R&B began to ebb in popularity in the early 1960s, Jamaican artists began recording their own version of the genres.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AMG_15-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-AMG-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[16]</a></sup> The style was of bars made up of four triplets but was characterized by a guitar chop on the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-beat_(music)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Off-beat (music)">off beat</a> - known as an upstroke or skank - with horns taking the lead and often following the off beat skank and piano emphasizing the bass line and, again, playing the skank.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Britannica_0-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-Britannica-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> Drums kept <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4/4_time" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="4/4 time">4/4 time</a> and the bass drum was accented on the 3rd beat of each 4-triplet phrase. The snare would play side stick and accent the third beat of each 4-triplet phrase.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Britannica_0-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-Britannica-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> The upstroke sound can also be found in other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Caribbean</a> forms of music, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mento" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">mento</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calypso_music" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Calypso music">calypso</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nidel_WM_16-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-Nidel_WM-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[17]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">One theory about the origin of ska is that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Prince Buster</a> created it during the inaugural recording session for his new record label Wild Bells.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nidel_WM_16-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-Nidel_WM-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[17]</a></sup> The session was financed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Reid" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Duke Reid</a>, who was supposed to get half of the songs to release. However, he only received one, which was by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombone" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Trombone">trombonist</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rico_Rodriguez" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Rico Rodriguez</a>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from March 2007">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> Among the pieces recorded were "<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=They_Got_to_Go&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="They Got to Go (page does not exist)">They Got to Go</a>", "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_Carolina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Oh Carolina</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shake_a_Leg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Shake a Leg</a>".<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from February 2007">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> According to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">reggae</a> historian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Barrow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Steve Barrow</a>, during the sessions, Prince Buster told guitarist Jah Jerry to "change gear, man, change gear."<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from February 2007">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> The guitar began emphasizing the second and fourth beats in the bar, giving rise to the new sound. The drums were taken from traditional Jamaican drumming and marching styles. To create the ska beat, Prince Buster essentially flipped the R&B shuffle beat, stressing the offbeats with the help of the guitar. Prince Buster has explicitly cited American rhythm & blues as the origin of ska, specifically <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis_Jackson" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Willis Jackson</a>'s song "Later for the Gator", "Oh Carolina", and "Hey Hey Mr. Berry".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[18]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The first ska recordings were created at facilities such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_One_(record_label)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Studio One (record label)">Studio One</a> and WIRL Records in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Kingston, Jamaica</a> with producers such as Dodd, Reid, Prince Buster, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Seaga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Edward Seaga</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nidel_WM_16-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-Nidel_WM-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[17]</a></sup> The ska sound coincided with the celebratory feelings surrounding Jamaica's independence from the UK in 1962; an event commemorated by songs such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrick_Morgan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Derrick Morgan</a>'s "Forward March" and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Skatalites" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">The Skatalites</a>' "Freedom Sound." Because the newly-independent Jamaica didn't ratify the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works</a> until 1994 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">copyright</a> was not an issue, which created a large number of cover songs and reinterpretations. Jamaican musicians such as The Skatalites often recorded instrumental ska versions of popular American and British music, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="The Beatles">Beatles</a> songs, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motown" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Motown</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_records" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Atlantic records">Atlantic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_music" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soul music">soul</a> hits, movie theme songs, or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surf_rock" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Surf rock">surf rock</a>instrumentals. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marley" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Bob Marley</a>'s band <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wailers_(1963-1974_band)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="The Wailers (1963-1974 band)">The Wailers</a> covered the Beatles' "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_I_Love_Her" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">And I Love Her</a>", and radically reinterpreted<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Bob Dylan</a>'s "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like_a_Rolling_Stone" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Like a Rolling Stone</a>".</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/CDAiQ-P7GoA?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron_Lee_%26_the_Dragonaires" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Byron Lee & the Dragonaires">Byron Lee & the Dragonaires</a> performed ska with Prince Buster, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_%22Monty%22_Morris" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Eric "Monty" Morris</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Cliff" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Jimmy Cliff</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_New_York_World%27s_Fair" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">1964 New York World's Fair</a>. As music changed in the United States, so did ska. In 1965 and 1966, when American soul music became slower and smoother, ska changed its sound accordingly and evolved into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocksteady" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">rocksteady</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nidel_WM_16-3" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-Nidel_WM-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[17]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Moskowitz_06_18-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska#cite_note-Moskowitz_06-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[19]</a></sup>However, rocksteady's heyday was brief, peaking in 1967. By 1968, ska evolved again into reggae.</div><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA MUSIC SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA MUSIC SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA MUSIC SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA MUSIC SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA MUSIC SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA MUSIC SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKASKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA MUSIC SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA MUSIC SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA MUSIC SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA MUSIC SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA MUSIC SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA SKA... MUSIChttp://ska-zine.blogspot.com/p/porkpie.html</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0